biology MCQs - 10th class Chapter 02 Mcqs

1

What is the maintenance of the internal conditions of the body at equilibrium called?

A

Thermoregulation

B

Osmoregulation

C

Homeostasis

D

Excretion

2

What is the core temperature of the human body maintained at?

A

35°C

B

37°C

C

39°C

D

40°C

3

The maintenance of the amounts of water and salts in body fluids is known as?

A

Thermoregulation

B

Excretion

C

Homeostasis

D

Osmoregulation

4

The maintenance of internal body temperature is called?

A

Thermoregulation

B

Osmoregulation

C

Excretion

D

Homeostasis

5

Which process eliminates metabolic wastes from the body to maintain internal equilibrium?

A

Thermoregulation

B

Osmoregulation

C

Homeostasis

D

Excretion

6

Through which structures does carbon dioxide escape from leaves and young stems at night?

A

Cuticle

B

Lenticels

C

Stomata

D

Root hairs

7

How do young roots primarily remove carbon dioxide?

A

Through stomata

B

Through lenticels

C

By diffusion through the general root surface

D

Through the cuticle

8

When is oxygen considered a waste product in mesophyll cells?

A

At night

B

During daytime

C

During respiration

D

During transpiration

9

What is the removal of extra water from the plant body by transpiration?

A

Guttation

B

Osmosis

C

Diffusion

D

Transpiration

10

The appearance of drops of water on the tips or edges of leaves is called?

A

Transpiration

B

Dew

C

Guttation

D

Condensation

11

What is calcium oxalate deposited as in the leaves and stems of plants like tomato?

A

Liquid

B

Gas

C

Crystals

D

Gel

12

Which of the following is a waste material removed by coniferous trees?

A

Gums

B

Latex

C

Resins

D

Mucilage

13

Which plant produces latex as a waste product?

A

Keekar

B

Rubber plant

C

Carnivorous plants

D

Coniferous trees

14

Plants that live completely or partially submerged in freshwater are called?

A

Xerophytes

B

Halophytes

C

Mesophytes

D

Hydrophytes

15

Which adaptation helps hydrophytes remove extra water?

A

Thick cuticle

B

Few stomata

C

Deep roots

D

Broad leaves with many stomata on the upper surface

16

Plants that live in dry environments are known as?

A

Hydrophytes

B

Halophytes

C

Xerophytes

D

Mesophytes

17

What is a characteristic feature of xerophytes like cacti to reduce water loss?

A

Broad leaves

B

Large number of stomata

C

Thick, waxy cuticle

D

Shallow roots

18

Special parenchyma cells in xerophytes that store large quantities of water are found in what type of organs?

A

Fibrous organs

B

Succulent organs

C

Woody organs

D

Dry organs

19

Plants adapted to live in salty sea water environments are called?

A

Hydrophytes

B

Xerophytes

C

Mesophytes

D

Halophytes

20

How do halophytes manage high salt concentrations inside their cells?

A

By removing salts through leaves

B

By storing salts in vacuoles via active transport

C

By preventing salt entry

D

By excreting salt through roots

21

Which human organ removes excess carbon dioxide?

A

Kidney

B

Skin

C

Lungs

D

Liver

22

Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, and sweat glands?

A

Epidermis

B

Dermis

C

Hypodermis

D

Cuticle

23

The contraction of small muscles attached to hairs, forming 'Goosebumps', helps in what?

A

Cooling the body

B

Increasing insulation

C

Removing salts

D

Producing sweat

24

What is the outer protective layer of the skin without blood vessels called?

A

Dermis

B

Hypodermis

C

Epidermis

D

Fat layer

25

The human urinary system consists of one pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a what?

A

Urethra

B

Renal artery

C

Nephron

D

Hilum

26

What is the shape of human kidneys?

A

Round

B

Oval

C

Bean-shaped

D

Flat

27

What is the depression near the center of the concave area of the kidney called?

A

Cortex

B

Medulla

C

Pelvis

D

Hilus

28

What is the outer part of the kidney, which is dark red in colour, called?

A

Renal medulla

B

Renal cortex

C

Renal pelvis

D

Renal pyramid

29

The inner part of the kidney, consisting of cone-shaped areas, is the?

A

Renal cortex

B

Renal hilus

C

Renal medulla

D

Renal pelvis

30

What is the functional unit of the kidney called?

A

Neuron

B

Alveolus

C

Nephron

D

Villus

31

A nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and what other structure?

A

Renal pyramid

B

Collecting duct

C

Renal tubule

D

Renal artery

32

The renal corpuscle is made up of the glomerulus and what other structure?

A

Loop of Henle

B

Bowman's capsule

C

Proximal tubule

D

Collecting duct

33

What is the U-shaped portion of the renal tubule called?

A

Proximal tubule

B

Distal tubule

C

Loop of Henle

D

Collecting duct

34

The first step in urine formation where blood pressure forces substances out of the glomerulus is?

A

Tubular secretion

B

Selective re-absorption

C

Pressure filtration

D

Osmoregulation

35

In which part of the nephron does most of the selective re-absorption of glucose and some water occur?

A

Loop of Henle

B

Distal convoluted tubule

C

Proximal convoluted tubule

D

Collecting duct

36

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed into the blood?

A

50%

B

75%

C

90%

D

99%

37

The secretion of ions, creatinine, and urea from the blood into the filtrate in the renal tubule is called?

A

Pressure filtration

B

Selective reabsorption

C

Tubular secretion

D

Guttation

38

What is the normal pH of human blood?

A

7.0 to 7.25

B

7.35 to 7.45

C

7.5 to 7.65

D

6.8 to 7.0

39

When there is a shortage of water in body fluids, the kidneys produce what kind of urine?

A

Hypotonic (dilute)

B

Isotonic

C

Hypertonic (concentrated)

D

Neutral

40

What are hard deposits formed in the kidney from concentrated urine crystals called?

A

Kidney failure

B

Kidney stones

C

Dialysis

D

Nephritis

41

Which of these is a major cause of kidney stones?

A

High intake of water

B

Diet low in salts

C

Recurring urinary tract infections

D

Low alcohol consumption

42

The method of breaking kidney stones using non-electrical shock waves is called?

A

Dialysis

B

Kidney Transplant

C

Lithotripsy

D

Surgical removal

43

The complete or partial failure of kidneys to function is known as?

A

Kidney stones

B

Kidney failure

C

Lithotripsy

D

Dialysis

44

What are the two leading causes of kidney failure?

A

Age and diet

B

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension

C

Alcohol consumption and infections

D

Dehydration and high salt intake

45

The process of cleaning blood by artificial ways is called?

A

Transplantation

B

Lithotripsy

C

Dialysis

D

Osmoregulation

46

In which type of dialysis is the dialysis fluid pumped into the peritoneal cavity?

A

Haemodialysis

B

Peritoneal dialysis

C

Artificial dialysis

D

Manual dialysis

47

In haemodialysis, the patient's blood is pumped through an apparatus called a?

A

Dialyzer

B

Peritoneum

C

Artificial kidney

D

A

48

What is the replacement of a patient's damaged kidney with a donor's healthy kidney called?

A

Dialysis

B

Lithotripsy

C

Kidney transplant

D

Nephrectomy

49

What is the average lifetime for a donated kidney?

A

5-10 years

B

10-15 years

C

15-20 years

D

20-25 years

50

Which great surgeon is credited with inventing the surgical removal of stones from the urinary bladder?

A

Abu Nasr al-Farabi

B

Ibn Sina

C

Abu al-Qasim Al-Zahrawi

D

Al-Kindi