biology MCQs - 10th class Chapter 07 Mcqs

1

The study of the interrelationship between organisms and their environment is called what?

A

Biology

B

Ecology

C

Zoology

D

Botany

2

What is a group of organisms of the same species inhabiting a specific geographical area called?

A

Community

B

Ecosystem

C

Population

D

Biosphere

3

Which of the following is an example of an artificial ecosystem?

A

A pond

B

A forest

C

A lake

D

An aquarium

4

The biosphere, which includes all ecosystems on Earth, is approximately how thick?

A

10 kilometres

B

20 kilometres

C

30 kilometres

D

40 kilometres

5

Which of these are considered abiotic components of an ecosystem?

A

Plants and animals

B

Fungi and bacteria

C

Light, air, and water

D

Producers and consumers

6

Which organisms form the basis of any ecosystem?

A

Consumers

B

Decomposers

C

Producers

D

Herbivores

7

In aquatic ecosystems, what are the main producers?

A

Fish

B

Rooted plants

C

Phytoplankton

D

Carnivores

8

Organisms that cannot synthesize their own food and depend on producers are called?

A

Autotrophs

B

Scavengers

C

Decomposers

D

Heterotrophs

9

Primary consumers, such as cattle and deer, are also known as?

A

Carnivores

B

Omnivores

C

Herbivores

D

Decomposers

10

In a food chain, a fox that feeds on a rabbit (herbivore) is classified as a?

A

Primary consumer

B

Secondary consumer

C

Producer

D

Tertiary consumer

11

Which organisms are called top carnivores because they are not eaten by other animals?

A

Secondary carnivores

B

Primary carnivores

C

Herbivores

D

Tertiary carnivores

12

What is the role of decomposers like bacteria and fungi?

A

To create energy

B

To break down dead organic matter

C

To consume producers directly

D

To form the first trophic level

13

The flow of energy in an ecosystem is described as?

A

Bidirectional

B

Cyclic

C

Unidirectional

D

Random

14

What is the primary source of energy for all ecosystems?

A

Moonlight

B

Chemical energy

C

The Sun

D

Geothermal heat

15

What does a food web represent?

A

A single path of energy flow

B

A network of interconnected food chains

C

Only the producers in an ecosystem

D

Only the decomposers in an ecosystem

16

Who developed the concept of ecological pyramids in 1927?

A

Charles Darwin

B

Gregor Mendel

C

Louis Pasteur

D

Charles Elton

17

What does a pyramid of numbers represent?

A

The biomass at each trophic level

B

The energy at each trophic level

C

The number of individuals at each trophic level

D

The age of individuals in an ecosystem

18

The total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem at any time is called?

A

Biomass

B

Population

C

Community

D

Niche

19

In a terrestrial ecosystem, which trophic level has the maximum biomass?

A

Tertiary consumers

B

Secondary consumers

C

Primary consumers

D

Producers

20

What are the cyclic pathways through which materials move from the environment to organisms and back called?

A

Food chains

B

Energy flows

C

Biogeochemical cycles

D

Ecological pyramids

21

What is the major process that brings carbon from the atmosphere into the living world?

A

Respiration

B

Combustion

C

Photosynthesis

D

Decomposition

22

The excessive burning of fossil fuels has upset the balance of which cycle?

A

Nitrogen cycle

B

Water cycle

C

Carbon cycle

D

Oxygen cycle

23

The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into nitrates is called?

A

Denitrification

B

Ammonification

C

Nitrogen fixation

D

Assimilation

24

Which bacteria convert nitrites into nitrates?

A

Nitrosomonas

B

Nitrobacter

C

Rhizobium

D

E. coli

25

The process where nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas by bacteria is known as?

A

Nitrification

B

Assimilation

C

Nitrogen fixation

D

Denitrification

26

Interactions between members of the same species are called?

A

Interspecific interactions

B

Intraspecific interactions

C

Symbiotic interactions

D

Predatory interactions

27

What is the term for an interaction where one organism (the predator) kills and feeds on another (the prey)?

A

Competition

B

Parasitism

C

Predation

D

Mutualism

28

Carnivorous plants like the Venus flytrap capture insects to fulfill their requirements for which element?

A

Carbon

B

Oxygen

C

Nitrogen

D

Hydrogen

29

A relationship where a smaller partner (parasite) lives on a larger partner (host) and harms it is called?

A

Commensalism

B

Mutualism

C

Predation

D

Parasitism

30

Mosquitoes and leeches are examples of which type of parasite?

A

Endoparasites

B

Permanent parasites

C

Temporary parasites

D

Beneficial parasites

31

A symbiotic relationship where both partners benefit is known as?

A

Parasitism

B

Commensalism

C

Mutualism

D

Competition

32

The relationship between nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants is an example of?

A

Parasitism

B

Mutualism

C

Commensalism

D

Predation

33

A relationship where one partner benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped is?

A

Mutualism

B

Parasitism

C

Competition

D

Commensalism

34

Epiphytes growing on larger plants for space is an example of?

A

Commensalism

B

Parasitism

C

Mutualism

D

Predation

35

Which gases are known as greenhouse gases?

A

Oxygen and Nitrogen

B

Carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone

C

Helium and Argon

D

Hydrogen and Sulphur

36

According to the IPCC, Earth's surface temperature has increased by approximately how much per decade in the past 30 years?

A

0.1°C

B

0.2°C

C

0.5°C

D

1.0°C

37

Acid rain is formed when oxides of sulphur and nitrogen react with what in the atmosphere?

A

Carbon dioxide

B

Ozone

C

Water vapour

D

Methane

38

The clearing of forests by natural causes or human activities is called?

A

Afforestation

B

Urbanization

C

Deforestation

D

Pollution

39

The upper layer of the atmosphere that absorbs UV rays is the?

A

Troposphere

B

Mesosphere

C

Stratosphere

D

Ionosphere

40

Which pollutants are primarily responsible for ozone depletion?

A

Sulphur oxides

B

Carbon monoxide

C

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

D

Lead compounds

41

The establishment of new forests by planting on non-forest areas is called?

A

Deforestation

B

Afforestation

C

Reforestation

D

Silviculture

42

Enrichment of water with inorganic nutrients like nitrates and phosphates is called?

A

Eutrophication

B

Contamination

C

Purification

D

Sedimentation

43

Which principle for conservation of nature includes Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle?

A

The 1R principle

B

The 2R principle

C

The 3R principle

D

The 4R principle

44

Recycling one tonne of paper can save how many trees?

A

10

B

12

C

15

D

17

45

Which organization in Pakistan works with the government for mass awareness on conservation?

A

WWF

B

SCOPE

C

UNDP

D

IPCC

46

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted by which mosquito?

A

Anopheles

B

Culex

C

Aedes aegypti

D

Mansonia

47

In severe cases of dengue, the virus causes a decrease in the production of what?

A

Red blood cells

B

White blood cells

C

Plasma

D

Blood platelets

48

Which of these is an ectoparasite?

A

Tapeworm

B

Ascaris

C

Lice

D

Plasmodium

49

In a grassland food web, a snake that eats a mouse is a?

A

Producer

B

Primary consumer

C

Secondary consumer

D

Tertiary consumer

50

Which of the following is a non-biodegradable pollutant?

A

Sewage

B

Domestic waste

C

Plastic

D

Paper