biology MCQs - 10th class Chapter 08 Mcqs

1

The use of living organisms in processes for the manufacture of useful products or for services is called?

A

Genetic Engineering

B

Fermentation

C

Biotechnology

D

Cloning

2

Who produced the sheep 'Dolly' from the body cell of an adult sheep?

A

Louis Pasteur

B

Ian Wilmut

C

Gregor Mendel

D

Scrimshow

3

When was the complete map of the human genome published?

A

1990

B

1978

C

2002

D

1997

4

The artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition, and repair of genetic material (DNA) is known as?

A

Old Biotechnology

B

Fermentation

C

Modern Biotechnology

D

Gene Therapy

5

In what year did scientists first prepare human insulin by inserting the insulin gene in bacteria?

A

1970

B

1978

C

1990

D

1944

6

The Human Genome Project was launched in which year?

A

1997

B

2002

C

1990

D

1977

7

Which field has benefited from biotechnology through the synthesis of insulin and interferon?

A

Agriculture

B

Environment

C

Medicine

D

Food Industry

8

The treatment of diseases through genes is called?

A

Vaccination

B

Fermentation

C

Gene Therapy

D

Cloning

9

Organisms with a modified genetic set-up are known as?

A

Clones

B

Transgenic organisms

C

Mutants

D

Hybrids

10

Which of the following is an example of a fermented food?

A

Bread

B

Pickles

C

Yogurt

D

All of the above

11

What is the process in which there is incomplete oxidation-reduction of glucose?

A

Cellular Respiration

B

Fermentation

C

Glycolysis

D

Photosynthesis

12

Who convinced the scientific community that all fermentations are the result of microbial activity?

A

Ian Wilmut

B

Scrimshow

C

Pasteur

D

Mendel

13

The initial step of carbohydrate fermentation, where glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid, is called?

A

Krebs Cycle

B

Electron Transport Chain

C

Glycolysis

D

Calvin Cycle

14

Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by which type of microorganism?

A

Bacteria

B

Virus

C

Algae

D

Yeast

15

Which product of alcoholic fermentation causes the rise of bread dough?

A

Ethanol

B

Lactic Acid

C

Carbon Dioxide

D

Acetaldehyde

16

Lactic acid fermentation is important in which industry?

A

Beverage Industry

B

Dairy Industry

C

Textile Industry

D

Pharmaceutical Industry

17

Which bacteria are commonly used in lactic acid fermentation?

A

E. coli

B

Saccharomyces

C

Streptococcus and Lactobacillus

D

Aspergillus

18

In biotechnology, what does the term 'fermentation' mean?

A

Production of beverages only

B

Production of any product by mass culture of microorganisms

C

Souring of milk

D

A purely chemical process

19

Which microorganism is used to ferment wheat dough for bread?

A

Lactobacillus

B

S. cerevisiae

C

Streptococcus

D

Aspergillus

20

The production of cheese involves the coagulation of which substance?

A

Milk Fat

B

Milk Sugar

C

Milk Protein

D

Milk Vitamins

21

Which industrial chemical is used in textile dyeing and leather treatment?

A

Ethanol

B

Glycerol

C

Formic Acid

D

Acrylic Acid

22

A device that provides an optimum environment for microorganisms to grow into a biomass is a?

A

Incubator

B

Autoclave

C

Fermenter

D

Centrifuge

23

In which type of fermentation is the substrate added continuously at a fixed rate?

A

Batch Fermentation

B

Discontinuous Fermentation

C

Continuous Fermentation

D

Slow Fermentation

24

The technology that involves the artificial synthesis and modification of DNA is called?

A

Fermentation

B

Single-Cell Protein

C

Genetic Engineering

D

Cloning

25

What is a common vector used in genetic engineering to transfer a gene of interest?

A

A protein

B

A plasmid

C

An enzyme

D

A lipid

26

The combination of vector DNA and the attached gene of interest is called?

A

GMO

B

Recombinant DNA

C

Transgenic DNA

D

Host DNA

27

What is an organism transformed by recombinant DNA called?

A

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

B

A clone

C

A hybrid

D

A mutant

28

Which hormone, synthesized through genetic engineering, is used by diabetics?

A

Growth Hormone

B

Thymosin

C

Insulin

D

Interferon

29

Beta-endorphin, produced by genetic engineering techniques, is used as a?

A

Pain killer

B

Vaccine

C

Antibiotic

D

Antiviral protein

30

What are interferons?

A

Anti-bacterial proteins

B

Anti-viral proteins

C

Hormones

D

Enzymes

31

Which enzyme, produced by genetically modified microorganisms, is used to dissolve blood clots?

A

Ligase

B

Urokinase

C

Endonuclease

D

Amylase

32

Genetic engineering techniques can be used to cure which blood disease?

A

Thalassemia

B

Hepatitis B

C

Flu

D

Cancer

33

What does SCP stand for in biotechnology?

A

Standard Cell Protein

B

Single-Cell Protein

C

Synthetic Cell Protein

D

Superior Cell Protein

34

Who introduced the technique of producing single-cell proteins?

A

Ian Wilmut

B

Louis Pasteur

C

Professor Scrimshow

D

Mendel

35

How much protein can 50 kilograms of yeast produce in 24 hours?

A

250 tons

B

20 tons

C

50 tons

D

100 tons

36

The protein yield from algae is how many times higher than soybeans?

A

5-10 times

B

10-15 times

C

20-50 times

D

2-5 times

37

Single-cell proteins produced using yeasts are also rich in?

A

Fats

B

Carbohydrates

C

Vitamins

D

Minerals

38

The production of SCP helps in controlling pollution by using what as raw materials?

A

Natural gas

B

Agricultural wastes

C

Industrial wastes

D

All of the above

39

What are the enzymes used to cut a gene from the total DNA of a donor organism?

A

Ligases

B

Polymerases

C

Restriction endonucleases

D

Helicases

40

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A type of bacterium

B

A virus that infects bacteria

C

An enzyme

D

A bacterial plasmid

41

Hormone thymosin, produced by genetic engineering, may be effective against which type of cancer?

A

Skin cancer

B

Blood cancer

C

Brain and lung cancer

D

Liver cancer

42

Before genetic engineering, how many sheep brains were required to produce 5 mg of human growth hormone?

A

5,000

B

50,000

C

500,000

D

1,000,000

43

In which year was a safe vaccine against foot and mouth disease produced by genetic engineers?

A

This information is not in the text

B

1977

C

1980

D

An exact year is not mentioned, but it is an achievement

44

What is used to join the gene of interest with the vector DNA?

A

Breaking enzymes (endonuclease)

B

Joining enzymes (ligase)

C

Polymerase enzymes

D

Helicase enzymes

45

Yogurt is made from milk by the action of different?

A

Yeasts

B

Molds

C

Lactic acid bacteria

D

Viruses

46

What is another name for novel protein or minifood?

A

Genetically Modified Food

B

Fermented Food

C

Single-Cell Protein

D

Transgenic Food

47

Which of the following is NOT an objective of genetic engineering?

A

Treatment of genetic defects

B

Production of particular RNA and protein molecules

C

Creation of new species from scratch

D

Improvement in the production of enzymes

48

Cross-pollination of plants and cross-breeding of animals are techniques of?

A

Modern Biotechnology

B

Genetic Engineering

C

Old Biotechnology

D

Fermentation

49

When did the work on genetic engineering start?

A

1990

B

1978

C

1944

D

1970