physics MCQs - 10th class Chapter 09 Mcqs

1

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons is called the?

A

Orbit

B

Electron shell

C

Nucleus

D

Valence shell

2

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of?

A

Electrons

B

Neutrons

C

Nucleons

D

Orbits

3

The spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable nuclei is called?

A

Nuclear Fission

B

Natural Radioactivity

C

Nuclear Fusion

D

Ionization

4

Which type of radiation has the greatest ionizing power?

A

Alpha particles

B

Beta particles

C

Gamma rays

D

X-rays

5

In alpha decay, the proton number (Z) of the parent nuclide reduces by?

A

1

B

2

C

4

D

0

6

A beta particle is essentially a high-energy?

A

Proton

B

Neutron

C

Photon

D

Electron

7

The time during which half of the unstable radioactive nuclei disintegrate is known as?

A

Full-life

B

Decay time

C

Half-life

D

Active period

8

Which radioisotope is used for curing cancerous tumors?

A

Carbon-14

B

Cobalt-60

C

Iodine-131

D

Phosphorous-32

9

The process of splitting a heavy nucleus like U-235 is called?

A

Nuclear Fusion

B

Chain reaction

C

Nuclear Fission

D

Beta decay

10

The sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is called the?

A

Atomic Number

B

Neutron Number

C

Charge Number

D

Atomic Mass Number

11

Who discovered that an atom has a central part called the nucleus?

A

Democritus

B

Marie Curie

C

Rutherford

D

Becquerel

12

Which radiation is not deflected by a magnetic field?

A

Alpha particles

B

Beta particles

C

Gamma rays

D

Protons

13

The process of using radioactive Carbon-14 to estimate the age of ancient objects is called?

A

Fossil dating

B

Carbon dating

C

Uranium dating

D

Potassium dating

14

In beta decay, what happens to the mass number (A) of the parent nuclide?

A

Increases by 1

B

Decreases by 1

C

Decreases by 2

D

Remains unchanged

15

The process where two light nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus is called?

A

Nuclear Fission

B

Nuclear Fusion

C

Alpha decay

D

Spontaneous emission

16

What is the charge on an alpha particle?

A

+1e

B

+2e

C

-1e

D

0

17

Radiation from outer space, primarily consisting of protons and electrons, is called?

A

Background radiation

B

Solar radiation

C

Cosmic radiation

D

Earth radiation

18

The SI unit for radioactivity is the?

A

Curie

B

Roentgen

C

Rem

D

Becquerel

19

According to the text, the half-life of Carbon-14 is?

A

1620 years

B

5730 years

C

30 years

D

8.07 days

20

Radioactive tracers like Phosphorous-32 are used in which field to check fertilizer absorption?

A

Medicine

B

Industry

C

Agriculture

D

Geology

21

The atomic number Z is equal to the number of which particles in the nucleus?

A

Neutrons

B

Electrons

C

Protons

D

Nucleons

22

Which isotope of hydrogen contains one proton and two neutrons?

A

Protium

B

Deuterium

C

Tritium

D

Hydrogen-4

23

Who discovered the phenomenon of natural radioactivity in 1896?

A

Marie Curie

B

Pierre Curie

C

Rutherford

D

Becquerel

24

Which of the following has the highest penetrating power?

A

Alpha particle

B

Beta particle

C

Gamma ray

D

Neutron

25

A parent nuclide X undergoes alpha decay. What is the mass number of the daughter nuclide Y?

A

B

A-2

C

A-4

D

A+1

26

When a U-235 nucleus absorbs a slow neutron, it splits into two smaller nuclei and releases about how much energy?

A

20 MeV

B

200 MeV

C

2 MeV

D

2000 MeV

27

The harmful effects of radiation can include?

A

Genetic mutations

B

Improved hearing

C

Faster growth

D

Stronger bones

28

Safety precautions for handling radioactive sources include using?

A

Bare hands

B

Paper gloves

C

Tongs and forceps

D

Plastic bags

29

The half-life of Radium-226 is?

A

1620 years

B

5730 years

C

12.3 years

D

2.4 x 10^8 years

30

In the general equation for beta decay, the proton number Z of the daughter nuclide becomes?

A

Z - 1

B

Z - 2

C

Z + 1

D

Z

31

What is the largest source of background radiation according to the chart in the PDF?

A

Cosmic rays

B

Fallout

C

Radon gas

D

Natural radioactivity in rocks and soil

32

Radioactive Iodine-131 is used to monitor the functioning of which gland?

A

Pituitary

B

Adrenal

C

Pancreas

D

Thyroid

33

What is the neutron number 'N'?

A

Number of protons

B

Number of electrons

C

Number of neutrons

D

Number of nucleons

34

Gamma radiations are fast-moving?

A

Electrons

B

Helium nuclei

C

Light photons

D

Protons

35

How many times heavier is a proton than an electron, approximately?

A

100 times

B

500 times

C

1836 times

D

2000 times

36

A stream of high-energy electrons is also known as?

A

Alpha radiation

B

Gamma radiation

C

Beta radiation

D

X-radiation

37

Nuclear fission was first observed by Otto Hahn and Fritz who?

A

Becquerel

B

Rutherford

C

Strassman

D

Curie

38

The energy released by the Sun is due to which process?

A

Nuclear fission

B

Chemical reactions

C

Burning of gases

D

Nuclear fusion

39

What is the atomic mass of an element?

A

Number of protons

B

Number of electrons

C

Sum of protons and neutrons

D

Number of neutrons

40

Which particle is emitted when a Nitrogen-14 nuclide decays into an Oxygen-14 nuclide?

A

An alpha particle

B

A neutron

C

A proton

D

An electron (beta particle)

41

The number of protons in a nucleus distinguishes what?

A

One isotope from another

B

One element from another

C

The atom's mass

D

The atom's stability

42

Which elements are naturally unstable?

A

Atomic number 1 to 82

B

Atomic number less than 50

C

Atomic number greater than 82

D

All elements

43

What does 1 Bq (Becquerel) equal in SI base units?

A

1 disintegration per minute

B

100 disintegrations per second

C

1 disintegration per second

D

1 disintegration per hour

44

After three half-lives, what fraction of a radioactive sample remains?

A

1/2

B

1/4

C

1/8

D

1/16

45

The age of a rock sample containing Potassium-40 can be estimated by comparing its concentration with?

A

Carbon-14

B

Uranium-235

C

Argon-40

D

Radium-226

46

A controlled fission chain reaction is maintained in a?

A

Nuclear bomb

B

Nuclear reactor

C

Particle accelerator

D

Geiger counter

47

One of the harmful effects of radiation exposure is Leukemia, which is cancer of the?

A

Skin

B

Bones

C

Lungs

D

Blood cells

48

In the nuclide notation X, what does 'A' represent?

A

Proton number

B

Neutron number

C

Nucleon number

D

Electron number

49

Which of these is NOT a source of background radiation?

A

Cosmic rays

B

Rocks and soil

C

Microwave ovens

D

Radon gas