A species is a group of natural populations which can interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring, but are reproductively isolated from all other such groups in nature. This definition is not applicable to organisms that reproduce predominantly...
A
Sexually
B
Asexually
C
Both sexually and asexually
D
By budding
2
The system of giving a scientific name comprising two words to a species is known as...
A
Binomial nomenclature
B
Trinomial nomenclature
C
Polynomial nomenclature
D
Common nomenclature
3
Who proposed the five-kingdom classification system in 1969?
A
Carlous Linnaeus
B
Ernst Haeckel
C
Robert Whittaker
D
Lynn Margulis
4
In the five-kingdom system, which kingdom includes prokaryotic unicellular organisms?
A
Protista
B
Fungi
C
Plantae
D
Monera
5
Fungi are special forms of heterotrophs that obtain energy by...
A
Ingestion
B
Photosynthesis
C
Decomposition and absorption
D
Chemosynthesis
6
The branch of biology that deals with the study of viruses is known as...
A
Bacteriology
B
Mycology
C
Virology
D
Parasitology
7
A complete, mature, and infectious viral particle is known as a...
A
Capsid
B
Virion
C
Prion
D
Capsomere
8
The protein coat of a virus is called the...
A
Envelope
B
Genome
C
Capsid
D
Core
9
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect...
A
Plants
B
Animals
C
Fungi
D
Bacteria
10
In the lytic cycle, what happens to the host bacterial cell?
A
It undergoes binary fission
B
It becomes a prophage
C
It undergoes lysis and bursts
D
It becomes dormant
11
The process where a phage's DNA becomes incorporated into the bacterial chromosome is called...
A
Lysis
B
Lysogeny
C
Replication
D
Induction
12
Smallpox is caused by which type of virus?
A
RNA virus
B
DNA virus
C
Retrovirus
D
Bacteriophage
13
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a virus?
A
Influenza
B
Hepatitis
C
Tuberculosis
D
AIDS
14
Retroviruses, like HIV, have a special enzyme that can convert their RNA genome into DNA. What is this enzyme called?
A
DNA polymerase
B
RNA polymerase
C
Reverse transcriptase
D
Lysozyme
15
The major cell type infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is...
A
Helper T-lymphocyte
B
Red blood cell
C
Neuron
D
Epithelial cell
16
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the...
A
Kidney
B
Liver
C
Lungs
D
Brain
17
Which type of Hepatitis is caused by a DNA virus?
A
Hepatitis A
B
Hepatitis B
C
Hepatitis C
D
Hepatitis E
18
The taxonomic category 'Phylum' is equivalent to which category in the classification of plants, algae, and fungi?
A
Order
B
Class
C
Division
D
Family
19
In binomial nomenclature, the first name refers to the ______ and always begins with a capital letter.
A
Species
B
Genus
C
Family
D
Order
20
The scientific name for man is...
A
Allium cepa
B
Cassia fistula
C
Homo sapiens
D
Zea mays
21
Ernst Haeckel proposed a third kingdom, Protista, in which year?
A
1753
B
1866
C
1937
D
1969
22
The cell walls of Fungi possess a major structural component called...
A
Cellulose
B
Peptidoglycan
C
Chitin
D
Lignin
23
The term 'procariotique' to describe bacteria was suggested by...
A
Robert Whittaker
B
E-Chatton
C
Louis Pasteur
D
Carlous Linnaeus
24
Who first successfully vaccinated against a viral disease using cowpox material in 1796?
A
Louis Pasteur
B
Robert Koch
C
Edward Jenner
D
Charles Chamberland
25
The agent that caused tobacco mosaic disease was discovered to be 'filterable' by...
A
Ivanowski
B
Stanley
C
Twort
D
D'Herelle
26
Viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites because they...
A
Can be grown on artificial media
B
Lack a protein coat
C
Can only reproduce within living host cells
D
Are resistant to antibiotics
27
The subunits that make up a viral capsid are called...
A
Virions
B
Genomes
C
Capsomeres
D
Prions
28
A phage that causes the lysis of its host cell is known as a...
A
Temperate phage
B
Prophage
C
Lytic or virulent phage
D
Lysogenic phage
29
In the life cycle of a bacteriophage, the step where the virus injects its DNA into the host is called...
A
Adsorption
B
Penetration
C
Maturation
D
Release
30
The state where a phage exists harmlessly within a host cell as part of its chromosome is called a...
A
Virion
B
Lytic cycle
C
Prophage
D
Induction
31
Mumps and Measles viruses belong to which group?
A
Poxviruses
B
Paramyxoviruses
C
Retroviruses
D
Polioviruses
32
The smallest known viruses, which contain RNA in a spherical capsid, cause which disease?
A
Smallpox
B
Herpes Simplex
C
Polio
D
Influenza
33
AIDS was first reported by physicians in the early...
A
1960s
B
1970s
C
1980s
D
1990s
34
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted primarily through...
A
Blood transfusion
B
Sexual contact
C
Contact with faeces from infected individuals
D
Insect bites
35
The classification of corn (Zea mays) places it in which Kingdom?
A
Animalia
B
Fungi
C
Protista
D
Plantae
36
According to the text, 'silver fish' is actually an...
A
Insect
B
Fish
C
Mollusk
D
Crustacean
37
The five-kingdom classification system is based on cellular organization and principal modes of...
A
Nutrition
B
Locomotion
C
Reproduction
D
Respiration
38
Organisms that can prepare their own food from simple inorganic material are called...
A
Heterotrophs
B
Saprotrophs
C
Autotrophs
D
Consumers
39
What structure in a T4 bacteriophage is used for attachment to a host cell?
A
Head
B
Sheath
C
Collar
D
Tail fibers
40
The enzyme released by a bacteriophage's tail to dissolve a portion of the bacterial cell wall is...
A
Polymerase
B
Transcriptase
C
Lysozyme
D
Helicase
41
Approximately how many new bacteriophages are formed about 25 minutes after the initial infection in a lytic cycle?
A
50
B
100
C
200
D
500
42
The process where a prophage is excised from the bacterial chromosome, starting a lytic cycle, is called...
A
Lysogeny
B
Penetration
C
Adsorption
D
Induction
43
Which of these is described as an 'enveloped RNA virus' that occurs in epidemic form?
A
Pox virus
B
Herpes virus
C
Influenza virus
D
Poliovirus
44
In 1986, the virus causing AIDS was named...
A
HCV
B
HBV
C
HIV
D
TMV
45
Which form of hepatitis often leads to chronic liver disease?
A
Hepatitis A
B
Hepatitis B
C
Hepatitis C
D
Hepatitis D
46
A genetically engineered vaccine is available for which type of hepatitis?
A
HAV
B
HBV
C
HCV
D
HEV
47
Who are credited with modifying Whittaker's five-kingdom classification by considering cytology, genetics, and organelles of symbiotic origin?
A
Linnaeus and Haeckel
B
Twort and D'Herelle
C
Margulis and Schwartz
D
Pasteur and Koch
48
Prions, the cause of 'mad cow' infection, are composed of only...
A
DNA
B
RNA
C
Protein
D
Lipids
49
The number of capsomeres in the capsid of an adenovirus is...
A
162
B
252
C
100
D
50
50
The head of a T4 bacteriophage contains what type of nucleic acid?
