ecat chemistry past papers Mcqs

1

The branch of chemistry that deals with the analysis of different substances, often using sophisticated instruments, is called?

A

Organic Chemistry

B

Analytical Chemistry

C

Biochemistry

D

Physical Chemistry

2

Which branch of chemistry studies the synthesis and properties of compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds?

A

Organic Chemistry

B

Geochemistry

C

Inorganic Chemistry

D

Polymer Chemistry

3

The study of chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms falls under which branch?

A

Nuclear Chemistry

B

Medicinal Chemistry

C

Biochemistry

D

Environmental Chemistry

4

What is defined as a substance having mass and occupying space?

A

Energy

B

An element

C

A compound

D

Matter

5

Which state of matter has particles that are widely apart with very weak intermolecular forces?

A

Solid

B

Liquid

C

Gas

D

Plasma

6

Which state of matter is considered a partially ionized gas containing electrons, ions, and photons?

A

Solid

B

Liquid

C

Gas

D

Plasma

7

A state of matter with properties between those of conventional liquids and crystalline solids, used in display devices, is known as?

A

Supercritical fluid

B

Liquid crystal

C

Graphene

D

Bose-Einstein condensate

8

What is the simplest form of matter, which cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reactions?

A

Compound

B

Mixture

C

Element

D

Solution

9

A pure substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio is a?

A

Compound

B

Mixture

C

Element

D

Colloid

10

Which of these is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

A

A sample of rock

B

A solution of salt and water

C

Milk

D

Soil

11

The phenomenon where an element can exist in more than one structural form is called?

A

Isotropy

B

Allotropy

C

Isomerism

D

Homeopathy

12

Diamond, graphite, and Buckminsterfullerene are allotropic forms of which element?

A

Sulphur

B

Oxygen

C

Phosphorus

D

Carbon

13

Which allotrope of carbon consists of spheres made of atoms arranged in pentagons and hexagons?

A

Diamond

B

Graphite

C

Graphene

D

Buckminsterfullerene

14

A mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve and settle down if left undisturbed is called a?

A

True solution

B

Colloidal solution

C

Suspension

D

Saturated solution

15

In which type of mixture do the particles pass through filter paper but are not truly homogenized and do not settle down?

A

True solution

B

Colloidal solution

C

Suspension

D

Unsaturated solution

16

A solution that can dissolve more amount of a solute at a particular temperature is called?

A

Saturated

B

Supersaturated

C

Concentrated

D

Unsaturated

17

The amount of solute which can dissolve in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature is known as its?

A

Concentration

B

Molarity

C

Solubility

D

Density

18

How does the solubility of most gases in water generally change with an increase in temperature?

A

It increases

B

It decreases

C

It remains the same

D

It increases then decreases

19

The study of molecules and ions recurring in space and interstellar space is called?

A

Geochemistry

B

Nuclear Chemistry

C

Astrochemistry

D

Medicinal Chemistry

20

Which branch of chemistry focuses on the properties, structure, and synthesis of large molecules made of repeating building blocks?

A

Inorganic Chemistry

B

Polymer Chemistry

C

Analytical Chemistry

D

Physical Chemistry

21

According to the text, which state of matter does not need a container to be stored?

A

Liquid

B

Gas

C

Plasma

D

Solid

22

Graphene is described as a?

A

Three-dimensional crystal

B

One-dimensional crystal

C

Two-dimensional crystal

D

A type of liquid

23

Which of the following is NOT a property of Buckminsterfullerene (C60)?

A

Soluble in organic solvents

B

Has a cage-like structure

C

Conducts electricity well

D

Is soft

24

A mixture where the concentration of its constituents is different in its different parts is called?

A

Homogeneous

B

Saturated

C

A true solution

D

Heterogeneous

25

What happens to the particles in a suspension when it is filtered?

A

They pass through the filter paper

B

They dissolve in the solvent

C

They cannot pass through the filter paper

D

They form a colloidal solution

26

Which of the following compounds sees its solubility in water decrease with an increase in temperature?

A

Potassium nitrate (KNO3)

B

Sodium chloride (NaCl)

C

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3)

D

Silver nitrate (AgNO3)

27

The study of the rates of reaction and the optimization of reaction conditions on an industrial scale is part of?

A

Physical Chemistry

B

Organic Chemistry

C

Inorganic Chemistry

D

Analytical Chemistry

28

The study of chemical composition of the Earth, its sources, and minerals is called?

A

Astrochemistry

B

Environmental Chemistry

C

Geochemistry

D

Biochemistry

29

What are proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids described as in the text?

A

Naturally occurring polymers

B

Synthetic polymers

C

Simple inorganic compounds

D

Allotropes of carbon

30

What is a distinguishing macroscopic property of gases?

A

High density

B

Incompressibility

C

High fluidity

D

Fixed shape

31

In solids, particles are described as being?

A

Widely apart and random

B

Closely attached but randomly arranged

C

Fixed at their positions where they can oscillate

D

Having very high kinetic energy

32

The design and synthesis of drugs beneficial for mankind is the focus of?

A

Medicinal Chemistry

B

Biochemistry

C

Polymer Chemistry

D

Nuclear Chemistry

33

Which of the following is an example of a colloidal solution?

A

Salt water

B

Chalk in water

C

Starch solution

D

Vinegar

34

What type of bonds form between elements when they react to form a compound?

A

Weak bonds

B

Physical bonds

C

No bonds

D

Chemical bonds

35

Which element was the first to be created artificially by scientists in a laboratory?

A

Technetium

B

Graphene

C

Fullerene

D

Promethium

36

The properties of a mixture are the sum of the properties of its?

A

Elements

B

Compounds

C

Components

D

Solvents

37

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?

A

Air

B

Milk

C

Energy

D

Soil

38

What is the structure of graphite described as?

A

Giant macromolecular structure

B

A cage-like sphere

C

A single layer of atoms

D

A layered structure of hexagonal rings

39

Rhombic and monoclinic are two crystalline allotropic forms of which element?

A

Carbon

B

Sulphur

C

Oxygen

D

Phosphorus

40

The study of radioactivity and nuclear processes falls under?

A

Nuclear Chemistry

B

Astrochemistry

C

Physical Chemistry

D

Inorganic Chemistry

41

In a solution of sugar and water, what is the sugar referred to as?

A

Solvent

B

Solute

C

Mixture

D

Compound

42

Supercritical fluids show the properties of both?

A

Solids and liquids

B

Gases and solids

C

Liquids and gases

D

Plasma and gases

43

How are components of a mixture separated?

A

By chemical reactions

B

By physical methods

C

They cannot be separated

D

By nuclear fission

44

Which of these is an example of a compound?

A

Air

B

Water (H2O)

C

Sodium (Na)

D

Milk

45

What is the main difference between a true solution and a colloidal solution upon filtration?

A

Colloidal particles are retained, true solution particles pass through

B

Both are retained by the filter paper

C

Both pass through the filter paper

D

True solution particles are retained, colloidal particles pass through

46

What is the term for a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature?

A

Unsaturated solution

B

Dilute solution

C

Saturated solution

D

Supersaturated solution

47

The study of the sources, reactions, and effects of chemical species in the air, soil, and water is?

A

Analytical Chemistry

B

Environmental Chemistry

C

Geochemistry

D

Biochemistry

48

Which is NOT a property of graphene mentioned in the text?

A

Tough

B

Flexible

C

Low resistance

D

Light material

49

Which state of matter is the most dense?

A

Gas

B

Liquid

C

Solid

D

Plasma

50

The properties of a compound are always ______ from the elements from which it is formed.

A

the same as

B

a sum of

C

different

D

similar to

51

Which gas is a major component of the remainder of air after nitrogen and oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide

B

Methane

C

Noble gases

D

Sulphur dioxide

52

What is the primary source of carbon monoxide (CO) as an air pollutant?

A

Decomposition of vegetation

B

Car engines

C

Combustion of fossil fuels with sulfur

D

Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels

53

Methane (CH4) is primarily released from which source?

A

Volcanic eruptions

B

Industrial processes

C

Decomposition of vegetation and digestion in animals

D

Combustion of low-sulfur fuels

54

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which contribute to acid rain and smog, are mainly produced by what?

A

Car engines

B

Planting trees

C

Flue gas desulfurization

D

Digestion in animals

55

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant originating from:

A

The use of catalytic converters

B

The decomposition of waste

C

The combustion of fossil fuels containing sulfur compounds

D

Photosynthesis

56

What environmental problem is directly associated with higher levels of carbon dioxide and methane?

A

Ozone layer depletion

B

Water pollution

C

Global warming

D

Soil erosion

57

According to the text, what is a primary adverse effect of carbon monoxide?

A

It causes acid rain

B

It is a toxic gas

C

It increases respiratory problems

D

It contributes to global warming

58

Particulates in the air are associated with which health risk?

A

Acid rain

B

Global warming

C

Increased risk of respiratory problems and cancer

D

Suffocation

59

What are the main environmental impacts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx)?

A

Only respiratory problems

B

Only photochemical smog

C

Acid rain, photochemical smog, and respiratory problems

D

Only climate change

60

How do greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide cause global warming?

A

By depleting the ozone layer

B

By increasing the acidity of rain

C

By reducing thermal energy loss to space

D

By directly heating the Earth's core

61

What is the role of a catalytic converter in a vehicle?

A

To increase fuel efficiency

B

To cool the engine

C

To reduce harmful emissions like CO and NOx

D

To increase the engine's power

62

Photosynthesis is the reaction between which two substances?

A

Oxygen and water

B

Nitrogen and water

C

Carbon dioxide and water

D

Carbon monoxide and oxygen

63

The branch of chemistry that deals with pollutants in the environment is called:

A

Organic Chemistry

B

Biochemistry

C

Analytical Chemistry

D

Environmental Chemistry

64

The concentration of a pollutant is commonly expressed in which unit?

A

Kilograms per liter (kg/L)

B

Parts per million (ppm)

C

Molecules per cubic meter

D

Grams per mole (g/mol)

65

Which of the following is NOT listed as a major air pollutant?

A

Ozone (O3)

B

Smog

C

Hydrocarbons

D

Water vapour (as a pollutant)

66

Smog, which is prevalent in many Pakistani cities in winter, is described as a mixture of:

A

Smoke and fog

B

Dust and wind

C

Rain and pollutants

D

Ozone and oxygen

67

What is the pH value below which rain is considered acid rain?

A

7.0

B

6.5

C

5.6

D

8.0

68

Who is known as the 'Father of Acid Rain' for showing the link between acid rain and pollution?

A

Robert Angus Smith

B

John Dalton

C

Antoine Lavoisier

D

Dmitri Mendeleev

69

Acid rain can dissolve and wash away toxic substances from the soil, such as:

A

Nitrogen and oxygen

B

Calcium and magnesium

C

Aluminium and mercury

D

Sodium and potassium

70

The progressive warming up of the Earth's surface due to the blanketing effect of certain gases is called:

A

The Ozone Effect

B

The Atmospheric Effect

C

The Greenhouse Effect

D

The Solar Effect

71

Greenhouse gases prevent thermal energy from escaping into space by absorbing what type of radiation?

A

Shortwave radiation

B

Longwave radiation

C

UV radiation

D

X-ray radiation

72

Besides carbon dioxide, which other gas is mentioned as a major greenhouse gas?

A

Oxygen

B

Nitrogen

C

Methane

D

Sulphur dioxide

73

What is a major consequence of rising sea levels caused by global warming?

A

Increased agricultural productivity

B

Threat to low-lying coastal areas

C

Shorter winters

D

Reduced rainfall

74

The process where plants clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide is called:

A

Respiration

B

Transpiration

C

Photosynthesis

D

Decomposition

75

What is the function of a three-way catalytic converter regarding nitrogen oxides (NOx)?

A

It oxidizes NOx to N2 and O2

B

It reduces NOx into elemental nitrogen and oxygen

C

It converts NOx into hydrocarbons

D

It combines NOx with CO

76

What substance is used in flue gas desulfurization to remove sulfur dioxide?

A

Calcium oxide

B

Sodium chloride

C

Hydrochloric acid

D

Carbon monoxide

77

An Air Quality Index (AQI) value under what number is considered good?

A

100

B

75

C

50

D

150

78

An AQI over 300 is considered to be:

A

Good

B

Moderate

C

Unhealthy

D

Hazardous

79

Which type of mask is mentioned as having better filtration capabilities against fine particles?

A

Cloth mask

B

Dust mask

C

Surgical mask

D

N95 mask

80

The complete combustion of carbon-containing fuels primarily produces:

A

Carbon monoxide

B

Soot

C

Carbon dioxide

D

Methane

81

What happens to the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis?

A

It decreases

B

It remains unchanged

C

It increases

D

It converts to ozone

82

What historical monument in India is mentioned as deteriorating due to acid rain?

A

The Red Fort

B

The Qutub Minar

C

The Taj Mahal

D

The Gateway of India

83

What happens to lakes and streams that are affected by particulate matter?

A

They become warmer

B

They may become acidic

C

They evaporate faster

D

Their water level rises

84

Which of the following is considered a renewable energy resource?

A

Natural gas

B

Coal

C

Petroleum

D

Wind

85

In the reaction 2NO + 2CO -> 2CO2 + N2, what is being reduced?

A

CO

B

CO2

C

NO

D

N2

86

What is the main reason for the increase of methane in the atmosphere?

A

Burning of fossil fuels

B

Volcanic activity

C

Increased decay of vegetation and farming

D

Industrial smoke

87

Which of the following is a direct effect of smog on human health?

A

Causes acid rain

B

Leads to global warming

C

Can cause allergies, asthma, and lung infections

D

Increases blood oxygen levels

88

How does acid rain affect soil nutrients?

A

It adds nutrients to the soil

B

It has no effect on nutrients

C

It dissolves and washes away nutrients

D

It converts nutrients into toxic substances

89

What is the estimated percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

78%

B

1%

C

21%

D

0.03%

90

What is the collective term for oxides of nitrogen like NO and NO2?

A

NOx

B

SOx

C

COx

D

HNx

91

The chemical formula for glucose, produced during photosynthesis, is:

A

C6H12O6

B

CO2

C

H2O

D

CH4

92

What tool can be installed to detect increased levels of carbon monoxide from faulty appliances?

A

AQI meter

B

Smoke detector

C

Carbon monoxide detector

D

Air cleaner

93

Which pollutant stops red blood cells from carrying oxygen?

A

Carbon dioxide

B

Carbon monoxide

C

Sulphur dioxide

D

Ozone

94

How is ground-level ozone formed?

A

By the complete combustion of fuels

B

Reaction between NOx and VOCs in presence of light

C

From the decomposition of vegetation

D

By volcanic eruptions

95

What strategy is mentioned to reduce acid rain from vehicles?

A

Using low-sulfur fuels

B

Planting more trees

C

Using catalytic converters

D

Increasing engine temperature

96

What effect does global warming have on seasons in moderate regions?

A

Winters become longer and colder

B

Summers become shorter and cooler

C

Winters become shorter and warmer

D

No change in seasons

97

Which human activity is identified as the main factor for environmental pollution?

A

Agriculture

B

Industrialization and Transportation

C

Population growth

D

All of the above

98

What happens to toxic substances like aluminum and mercury in soil due to acid rain?

A

They are neutralized

B

They evaporate

C

They are dissolved

D

They become solid

99

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound despite containing carbon?

A

Methane

B

Protein

C

Carbonates

D

Lipids

100

The self-linking property of carbon to form long chains and rings is called?

A

Hydrogenation

B

Catenation

C

Combustion

D

Polymerization

CHEMISTRY MCQs

The branch of chemistry that deals with the analysis of different substances, often using sophisticated instruments, is called?

Which branch of chemistry studies the synthesis and properties of compounds that do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds?

The study of chemical substances and vital processes occurring in living organisms falls under which branch?

What is defined as a substance having mass and occupying space?

Which state of matter has particles that are widely apart with very weak intermolecular forces?

Which state of matter is considered a partially ionized gas containing electrons, ions, and photons?

A state of matter with properties between those of conventional liquids and crystalline solids, used in display devices, is known as?

What is the simplest form of matter, which cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical reactions?

A pure substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio is a?

Which of these is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

The phenomenon where an element can exist in more than one structural form is called?

Diamond, graphite, and Buckminsterfullerene are allotropic forms of which element?

Which allotrope of carbon consists of spheres made of atoms arranged in pentagons and hexagons?

A mixture in which solute particles do not dissolve and settle down if left undisturbed is called a?

In which type of mixture do the particles pass through filter paper but are not truly homogenized and do not settle down?

A solution that can dissolve more amount of a solute at a particular temperature is called?

The amount of solute which can dissolve in 100g of a solvent at a particular temperature is known as its?

How does the solubility of most gases in water generally change with an increase in temperature?

The study of molecules and ions recurring in space and interstellar space is called?

Which branch of chemistry focuses on the properties, structure, and synthesis of large molecules made of repeating building blocks?

According to the text, which state of matter does not need a container to be stored?

Graphene is described as a?

Which of the following is NOT a property of Buckminsterfullerene (C60)?

A mixture where the concentration of its constituents is different in its different parts is called?

What happens to the particles in a suspension when it is filtered?

Which of the following compounds sees its solubility in water decrease with an increase in temperature?

The study of the rates of reaction and the optimization of reaction conditions on an industrial scale is part of?

The study of chemical composition of the Earth, its sources, and minerals is called?

What are proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids described as in the text?

What is a distinguishing macroscopic property of gases?

In solids, particles are described as being?

The design and synthesis of drugs beneficial for mankind is the focus of?

Which of the following is an example of a colloidal solution?

What type of bonds form between elements when they react to form a compound?

Which element was the first to be created artificially by scientists in a laboratory?

The properties of a mixture are the sum of the properties of its?

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter?

What is the structure of graphite described as?

Rhombic and monoclinic are two crystalline allotropic forms of which element?

The study of radioactivity and nuclear processes falls under?

In a solution of sugar and water, what is the sugar referred to as?

Supercritical fluids show the properties of both?

How are components of a mixture separated?

Which of these is an example of a compound?

What is the main difference between a true solution and a colloidal solution upon filtration?

What is the term for a solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute at a given temperature?

The study of the sources, reactions, and effects of chemical species in the air, soil, and water is?

Which is NOT a property of graphene mentioned in the text?

Which state of matter is the most dense?

The properties of a compound are always ______ from the elements from which it is formed.

Which gas is a major component of the remainder of air after nitrogen and oxygen?

What is the primary source of carbon monoxide (CO) as an air pollutant?

Methane (CH4) is primarily released from which source?

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which contribute to acid rain and smog, are mainly produced by what?

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a major air pollutant originating from:

What environmental problem is directly associated with higher levels of carbon dioxide and methane?

According to the text, what is a primary adverse effect of carbon monoxide?

Particulates in the air are associated with which health risk?

What are the main environmental impacts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx)?

How do greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide cause global warming?

What is the role of a catalytic converter in a vehicle?

Photosynthesis is the reaction between which two substances?

The branch of chemistry that deals with pollutants in the environment is called:

The concentration of a pollutant is commonly expressed in which unit?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a major air pollutant?

Smog, which is prevalent in many Pakistani cities in winter, is described as a mixture of:

What is the pH value below which rain is considered acid rain?

Who is known as the 'Father of Acid Rain' for showing the link between acid rain and pollution?

Acid rain can dissolve and wash away toxic substances from the soil, such as:

The progressive warming up of the Earth's surface due to the blanketing effect of certain gases is called:

Greenhouse gases prevent thermal energy from escaping into space by absorbing what type of radiation?

Besides carbon dioxide, which other gas is mentioned as a major greenhouse gas?

What is a major consequence of rising sea levels caused by global warming?

The process where plants clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide is called:

What is the function of a three-way catalytic converter regarding nitrogen oxides (NOx)?

What substance is used in flue gas desulfurization to remove sulfur dioxide?

An Air Quality Index (AQI) value under what number is considered good?

An AQI over 300 is considered to be:

Which type of mask is mentioned as having better filtration capabilities against fine particles?