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PHYSICS MCQs

100 Questions TextBook
1

Energy is defined as the ability of a body to do...

A
work
B
resist motion
C
change state
D
create friction
2

Which of the following is a basic form of mechanical energy?

A
Chemical energy
B
Nuclear energy
C
Kinetic energy
D
Heat energy
3

The formula for kinetic energy is:

A
mgh
B
F x S
C
1/2 mv²
D
W/t
4

The energy that a body possesses by virtue of its position or deformation is called:

A
Kinetic energy
B
Potential energy
C
Chemical energy
D
Nuclear energy
5

The formula for gravitational potential energy is:

A
1/2 mv²
B
Fs cosθ
C
mgh
D
ma
6

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only transforms from one form to another. This is the principle of:

A
Conservation of Momentum
B
Conservation of Energy
C
Newton's First Law
D
Theory of Relativity
7

In real processes, some energy is always lost due to work done against:

A
gravity
B
magnetism
C
friction
D
potential energy
8

Which of the following are known as fossil fuels?

A
Uranium and Plutonium
B
Wood and paper
C
Coal, oil, and natural gas
D
Solar and wind
9

Hydroelectric generation produces electricity from:

A
the heat of the Earth
B
the power of falling water
C
burning biofuels
D
nuclear fission
10

Solar cells, also known as _______, convert sunlight directly into electricity.

A
photo voltaic cells
B
thermal collectors
C
steam turbines
D
electromagnetic cells
11

The energy released when an atomic nucleus breaks is called:

A
Geothermal energy
B
Solar energy
C
Chemical energy
D
Nuclear energy
12

Geothermal energy is extracted from:

A
hot rocks deep under the Earth's surface
B
the movement of tides
C
burning of biomass
D
the rays of the sun
13

A 'wind farm' is a large collection of:

A
solar panels
B
windmills
C
hydroelectric dams
D
geothermal plants
14

The gravitational force of the _______ gives rise to tides in the seas.

A
Sun
B
Earth
C
Moon
D
other planets
15

Energy obtained from organic materials like plants, waste foods, and animal dung is called:

A
Fossil fuel energy
B
Nuclear energy
C
Biofuel energy
D
Geothermal energy
16

Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?

A
Solar energy
B
Wind energy
C
Hydroelectric energy
D
Fossil fuels
17

Power is defined as the time rate of doing:

A
work
B
acceleration
C
displacement
D
force
18

The SI unit of power is the:

A
Joule
B
Newton
C
Watt
D
Pascal
19

One horse-power (hp) is equal to:

A
1000 W
B
746 W
C
500 W
D
250 W
20

Efficiency of a system is the ratio of useful output energy to the total _______ energy.

A
potential
B
kinetic
C
wasted
D
input
21

A system cannot have an efficiency of 100% due to unavoidable...

A
energy gains
B
energy losses
C
mass increase
D
force reduction
22

If the angle between force F and displacement S is 0°, the work done is:

A
FS
B
Zero
C
-FS
D
FS/2
23

A man pushing hard against a wall that does not move is doing how much work in physics terms?

A
Positive work
B
Negative work
C
Maximum work
D
No work
24

The energy stored in a compressed or stretched spring is called:

A
Gravitational potential energy
B
Kinetic energy
C
Elastic potential energy
D
Chemical potential energy
25

According to Einstein's theory, matter and energy are:

A
always separate
B
interchangeable
C
only forms of work
D
unrelated
26

In a thermal power station using fossil fuels, the heat is used to generate _______ that runs the turbines.

A
hot air
B
steam
C
electricity directly
D
compressed gas
27

To get a sufficiently high voltage from solar cells, they are connected in:

A
parallel
B
a grid
C
a series
D
a circuit breaker
28

Pakistan runs nuclear power stations at Karachi and _______.

A
Lahore
B
Islamabad
C
Quetta
D
Chashma
29

The rotting of biomass in a closed tank called a 'digester' produces:

A
ethanol
B
methane rich biogas
C
pure oxygen
D
solid fertilizer
30

Which energy source is considered the cheapest and does not produce pollution?

A
Fossil fuels
B
Nuclear energy
C
Hydroelectric energy
D
Geothermal energy
31

A major environmental problem with burning fossil fuels is the release of:

A
oxygen
B
water vapor
C
carbon dioxide
D
nitrogen
32

What happens to the kinetic energy of a car if its speed is doubled?

A
It remains the same
B
It doubles
C
It increases to four times
D
It is halved
33

If a person carries a bag and walks horizontally, the work done on the bag by the person's upward force is:

A
positive
B
negative
C
zero
D
equal to the bag's weight
34

The area under a force-distance graph represents:

A
power
B
energy loss
C
work done
D
acceleration
35

A machine with its output equal to its input is called an _______ machine.

A
perpetual
B
ideal
C
inefficient
D
real
36

What is the primary function of a turbine in an electrical power plant?

A
To boil water
B
To rotate the generator
C
To cool the system
D
To store energy
37

The energy stored in the chemicals of a battery is called:

A
Elastic potential energy
B
Gravitational potential energy
C
Chemical potential energy
D
Nuclear energy
38

When a body is lifted, the work done is stored in it as:

A
Kinetic energy
B
Elastic energy
C
Potential energy
D
Heat energy
39

The combination of kinetic and potential energy is called:

A
Thermal energy
B
Mechanical energy
C
Nuclear energy
D
Chemical energy
40

The energy released from fossil fuels is a form of:

A
nuclear energy
B
mechanical energy
C
chemical energy
D
radiant energy
41

In a hydroelectric dam, potential energy of water is converted into _______ energy as it falls.

A
kinetic
B
chemical
C
nuclear
D
heat
42

A perpetual energy machine is not workable due to the principle of:

A
conservation of energy
B
conservation of mass
C
thermodynamics
D
motion
43

The disposal of _______ is a major problem for nuclear power generation.

A
excess electricity
B
steam
C
nuclear waste
D
carbon dioxide
44

If you run up the stairs versus walking up slowly, you expend more:

A
work
B
potential energy
C
power
D
force
45

Which of the following is considered a renewable energy source?

A
Coal
B
Natural Gas
C
Uranium
D
Wind
46

The property of a body to restore its original size and shape after the deforming force is removed is called?

A
Plasticity
B
Rigidity
C
Elasticity
D
Ductility
47

According to Hooke's law, the extension in a spring is directly proportional to the?

A
Applied force
B
Mass of the spring
C
Length of the spring
D
Density of the spring
48

The SI unit for the spring constant (k) is?

A
N m
B
N m²
C
N m⁻¹
D
N
49

The slope of a force-extension graph for a spring represents the?

A
Work done
B
Extension
C
Applied force
D
Spring constant
50

If a material is deformed beyond its elastic limit, the deformation becomes?

A
Temporary
B
Reversible
C
Permanent
D
Zero
51

Which of the following is an application of Hooke's Law?

A
Hydraulic press
B
Barometer
C
Spring scale
D
Manometer
52

The back and forth motion that regulates the speed of the hands in a mechanical clock is controlled by the?

A
Galvanometer
B
Mainspring
C
Balance wheel
D
Pendulum
53

Density is defined as?

A
Volume per unit mass
B
Mass per unit volume
C
Force per unit area
D
Weight per unit volume
54

The SI unit of density is?

A
g cm⁻³
B
kg m⁻²
C
kg m⁻³
D
g m⁻³
55

Which of the following materials has a very low density according to the text?

A
Steel
B
Water
C
Packing foam
D
Lead
56

Pressure is defined as the normal force acting per unit?

A
Volume
B
Length
C
Mass
D
Area
57

The SI unit of pressure, Pascal (Pa), is equivalent to?

A
N m²
B
N m⁻²
C
kg m⁻³
D
J m⁻¹
58

Pressure within a liquid increases with an increase in?

A
Surface tension
B
Viscosity
C
Depth
D
Temperature
59

The formula for pressure at a depth 'h' in a liquid of density 'ρ' is?

A
P = ρgh²
B
P = ρg/h
C
P = ρh/g
D
P = ρgh
60

As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure?

A
Increases
B
Decreases
C
Remains constant
D
Becomes zero
61

The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately?

A
1.013 x 10³ Pa
B
1.013 x 10⁵ Pa
C
1.013 x 10⁴ Pa
D
1.013 x 10⁶ Pa
62

Which instrument is used to measure atmospheric pressure?

A
Manometer
B
Galvanometer
C
Barometer
D
Speedometer
63

A fall in atmospheric pressure in a region often indicates?

A
Clear weather
B
Upcoming rain
C
A rise in temperature
D
High winds
64

Pascal's law is applicable to?

A
Solids only
B
Unconfined gases
C
Enclosed fluids
D
Plasma
65

A hydraulic press works on the principle of?

A
Hooke's Law
B
Archimedes' Principle
C
Bernoulli's Principle
D
Pascal's Law
66

A hydraulic system that uses a small force to produce a large force is known as a?

A
Force reducer
B
Force multiplier
C
Work multiplier
D
Energy converter
67

In a hydraulic press, the pressure applied to the small piston is ______ the pressure on the large piston.

A
less than
B
greater than
C
equal to
D
the square of
68

The fluid commonly used in hydraulic brake systems is?

A
Water
B
Mercury
C
Alcohol
D
Oil
69

When a spring is compressed, it stores which form of energy?

A
Kinetic
B
Potential
C
Internal
D
Heat
70

Materials like clay dough that do not return to their original shape are known as?

A
Elastic materials
B
Inelastic materials
C
Brittle materials
D
Ductile materials
71

A spring with a high value of spring constant 'k' is said to be?

A
Softer
B
Longer
C
Stiffer
D
Weaker
72

In a weighing machine using a compression balance, what is measured?

A
The extension produced
B
The compression produced
C
The original length
D
The mass directly
73

What provides the electrical connections and restoring force in a galvanometer?

A
Balance wheel
B
Hair spring
C
Main spring
D
Coil wire
74

The density of water in SI units is?

A
1 g cm⁻³
B
100 kg m⁻³
C
1000 kg m⁻³
D
10 kg m⁻³
75

The density of iron is approximately?

A
2700 kg m⁻³
B
7800 kg m⁻³
C
11400 kg m⁻³
D
19300 kg m⁻³
76

A force acting normally on a surface of area A exerts a pressure P, given by the formula?

A
P = F × A
B
P = A / F
C
P = F / A
D
P = F² × A
77

The sharp edge of a chopper cuts objects easily because it creates a very high?

A
Force
B
Area
C
Pressure
D
Temperature
78

Forces in a liquid that contribute to pressure are always ______ to the surface.

A
parallel
B
at a 45-degree angle
C
perpendicular
D
opposite
79

The layer of air that surrounds the Earth is called the?

A
Hydrosphere
B
Lithosphere
C
Atmosphere
D
Ionosphere
80

At a height of about 30 km, the atmospheric pressure falls to about?

A
100 kPa
B
55 kPa
C
10 kPa
D
1 kPa
81

A simple mercury barometer uses a glass tube about ______ long.

A
10 cm
B
50 cm
C
1 metre
D
2 metres
82

A device used to measure the pressure of a gas in a cylinder is a?

A
Barometer
B
Hydrometer
C
Manometer
D
Calorimeter
83

The main reason liquids are used in hydraulic systems is their?

A
Low density
B
High viscosity
C
Incompressibility
D
Color
84

The force of friction between the brake pads and brake drums causes the vehicle to?

A
Accelerate
B
Turn
C
Slow down
D
Maintain speed
85

What type of motion is dominant for molecules in a gas?

A
Linear motion
B
Random motion
C
Vibratory motion
D
Rotatory motion
86

Temperature of a substance is a measure of its:

A
total heat contained
B
total number of molecules
C
degree of hotness or coldness
D
intermolecular distance
87

Heat is defined as:

A
total kinetic energy of the molecules
B
the internal energy
C
work done by the molecules
D
the energy in transit
88

In the Kelvin scale, the temperature corresponding to the melting point of ice is:

A
0 K
B
32 K
C
273 K
D
-273 K
89

The temperature which has the same value on Celsius and Fahrenheit scales is:

A
-40
B
+40
C
+45
D
-45
90

Which one is a better choice for a liquid-in-glass thermometer?

A
Is colourless
B
Is a bad conductor
C
Expands linearly
D
Wets glass
91

One disadvantage of using alcohol in a liquid-in-glass thermometer is:

A
it has large expansivity
B
it has a low boiling point
C
it wets the glass tube
D
its expansion is non-linear
92

Water is not used as a thermometric liquid mainly due to its:

A
being colourless
B
being a bad conductor of heat
C
non-linear expansion
D
low boiling point (100°C)
93

A thermometer has a narrow capillary tube so that it:

A
quickly responds to temperature changes
B
can read the maximum temperature
C
gives a large change for a given temperature rise
D
can measure a large range of temperature
94

Which thermometer is most suitable for recording rapidly varying temperature?

A
Thermocouple thermometer
B
Mercury-in-glass laboratory thermometer
C
Alcohol-in-glass thermometer
D
Mercury-in-glass clinical thermometer
95

The state of matter composed of ions and free electrons is called:

A
Gas
B
Liquid
C
Solid
D
Plasma
96

The sum of kinetic and potential energies of the molecules of an object is called its:

A
Heat energy
B
Internal energy
C
Thermal energy
D
Temperature
97

The lower fixed point on the Celsius scale is:

A
32°C
B
0°C
C
100°C
D
273°C
98

How many divisions are there between the fixed points on the Fahrenheit scale?

A
100
B
212
C
180
D
273
99

The property of a substance that changes uniformly with temperature is called a:

A
fixed point
B
thermometric property
C
thermal expansion
D
specific heat
100

A substance that is a good conductor of heat will:

A
respond slowly to temperature changes
B
respond quickly to temperature changes
C
have a low boiling point
D
wet the glass